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Carpenter Bees (Xylocopa)
10 species in Europe, in the family Apidae. None of them is listed as threatened on the European Red List.
Family Apidae10 species
10
Species in Europe
0
Threatened (CR, EN or VU)
0
Too little data to assess (DD)
3
Crops on which species were recorded
How the species are doing
Distribution of the species over the categories of the European Red List of Bees (2026). Not assessed means: no European assessment in the source, often because the species only occurs at the edge of Europe.
- LC Least concern: 6
- NA Not applicable (not native or vagrant): 3
- - Not assessed: 1
Scale, from severe to not threatened: CR critically endangered, EN endangered, VU vulnerable, NT near threatened, LC least concern. DD: data deficient.
When the visitors fly
Number of species flying per month, according to the flight calendar from open records in Europe. A species counts in every month it flies.
4Jan
4Feb
6Mar
7Apr
7May
6Jun
6Jul
5Aug
3Sep
3Oct
1Nov
1Dec
Crops these bees visit
Crops and other plants with an EPPO code on which species from this group were recorded.
| Crop | Depends on pollinators | Species from this group | Records |
|---|---|---|---|
| Broad beanVicia faba | modest (10-39%) | 1 | 4 |
| Briar roseRosa canina | great (40-89%) | 1 | 2 |
| Common pearPyrus communis | great (40-89%) | 1 | 2 |
All species in Europe
| Species | Red List Europe | Flies | Only in Europe |
|---|---|---|---|
| Xylocopa amedaei | NA Not applicable (not native or vagrant) | no data | |
| Xylocopa cantabrita | LC Least concern | Mar - Jul | |
| Xylocopa iris | LC Least concern | Jan - Aug | |
| Xylocopa mimetica | - Not assessed | no data | |
| Xylocopa nigrita | NA Not applicable (not native or vagrant) | Oct - May | |
| Xylocopa olivieri | LC Least concern | no data | |
| Xylocopa pubescens | LC Least concern | Jan - Oct | |
| Xylocopa valga | LC Least concern | Jan - Aug | |
| Carpenter beeXylocopa violacea | LC Least concern | Mar - Sep | |
| Eastern Carpenter BeeXylocopa virginica | NA Not applicable (not native or vagrant) | Apr - Oct |
Sources
This page only uses sources with an open licence. The bee database itself contains more records, from sources for which permission is still pending.
- Vliegperiode per maand, afgeleid uit BeeBDC-waarnemingen met open licentie (CC0 / CC BY)
FairGrow (afgeleid) · version 1.3.4 · licence CC BY 4.0 (afgeleid uit CC0 / CC BY)
Afgeleid door FairGrow uit: Dorey, J. B. et al. (2023). A globally synthesised and flagged bee occurrence dataset and cleaning workflow. Scientific Data 10: 747. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02626-w. Cleaned database v1.3.4 (2024-02-15), Figshare. Kleinste maandvenster met 90% van de waarnemingen, minimaal 20 records.
doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02626-w - Bij-plantinteracties: EuPPollNet via GloBI (CC BY 4.0)
GloBI / Big Bee · version 7.0 · licence CC BY 4.0
Lanuza, J. B. et al. (2025). EuPPollNet: a European database of plant-pollinator networks. Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.15183272 (CC BY 4.0), via Seltmann, K. et al. / Big Bee project and GloBI (2025). Global Bee Interaction Data v7.0. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17957582. Underlying data: Global Biotic Interactions (Poelen et al. 2014).
doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17957582 - Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), tab-delimited version
Zenodo / Discover Life · version v57.0 · licence CC-BY-4.0
Ascher, J. S. and J. Pickering. 2024. Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species Draft-57, 27 February, 2024
doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19954082 - BeeBDC beesChecklist: country checklist of the world's bees (Discover Life), 2026-01-12
Flinders University / Figshare · version 2026-01-12 · licence CC BY 4.0
Dorey, J. B. et al. (2023). A globally synthesised and flagged bee occurrence dataset and cleaning workflow. Scientific Data 10: 747. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02626-w; beesChecklist 2026-01-12 (Figshare, CC BY 4.0), based on the Discover Life country checklist (Ascher & Pickering).
doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02626-w - European Red List of Bees (2026), Appendix 1: Red List status at Pan-Europe and EU27 levels
Publications Office of the European Union / IUCN · version 2026 · licence CC BY 4.0
Michez, D. et al. (2026). European Red List of Bees. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2779/521877 (CC BY 4.0). Appendix 1.
doi.org/10.2779/521877 - Wikidata: taxon common names (P1843) and labels of bee species
Wikimedia Foundation / Wikidata · version SPARQL 2026-10-18 · licence CC0 1.0
Wikidata contributors. Wikidata, taxon common names (P1843) and labels, retrieved 2026-10-18. https://www.wikidata.org (CC0).
www.wikidata.org
Other groups in the family Apidae
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