Nyuki na mazao

Kwa kila zao: sehemu gani ya mavuno inategemea wachavushaji, spishi gani za nyuki hutembelea maua, huruka lini na hali yao ikoje. Yote kutoka vyanzo huria vya kisayansi.

Mazao 109Vyanzo huria, pamoja na utambuzi wa chanzoTakwimu zinatoka moja kwa moja kwenye hifadhidata ya nyuki
109
Mazao yenye ukurasa wake
46
Mazao yanayotegemea sana wachavushaji (muhimu sana au kubwa)
117
Spishi za nyuki zilizorekodiwa kwenye mazao haya
1
Kati yao, zilizo hatarini kwenye Red List ya Ulaya

Kwa nini uchavushaji hutofautiana kati ya mazao

Baadhi ya mazao karibu hayazai matunda bila kutembelewa na wadudu, mengine hujichavusha yenyewe au hutegemea upepo. Utegemezi ulio hapa chini ni sehemu ya mavuno inayopotea bila wachavushaji wanyama, kulingana na madaraja ya Klein na wenzake (2007) kama yalivyochapishwa na EU Pollinator Hub.

Nyuki wanaotembelea zao fulani wanatokana na rekodi za kutembelea maua katika tafiti za mitandao barani Ulaya. Spishi isiyoorodheshwa inaweza kabisa kutembelea: ina maana tu kwamba vyanzo huria bado havina rekodi yake.

Mazao yote

ZaoInategemea wachavushajiSpishi za nyuki zilizorekodiwaZilizo hatarini (Ulaya)
Common mountain ashSorbus aucupariaMuhimu sana (90-100%)40
PumpkinCucurbita pepoMuhimu sana (90-100%)20
Golden kiwiActinidia chinensisMuhimu sana (90-100%)0-
TikitimajiCitrullus lanatusMuhimu sana (90-100%)0-
MelonCucumis meloMuhimu sana (90-100%)0-
Giant pumpkinCucurbita maximaMuhimu sana (90-100%)0-
Musk squashCucurbita moschataMuhimu sana (90-100%)0-
Brazil nutsBertholletia excelsaMuhimu sana (90-100%)0-
KakaoTheobroma cacaoMuhimu sana (90-100%)0-
Common vanillaVanilla planifoliaMuhimu sana (90-100%)0-
Custard appleAnnona squamosaMuhimu sana (90-100%)0-
SapodillaManilkara zapotaMuhimu sana (90-100%)0-
PassioniPassiflora edulisMuhimu sana (90-100%)0-
RasberiRubus idaeusKubwa (40-89%)291
BlackthornPrunus spinosaKubwa (40-89%)281
Briar roseRosa caninaKubwa (40-89%)211
BilberryVaccinium myrtillusKubwa (40-89%)181
TofaaMalus domesticaKubwa (40-89%)120
TurnipBrassica rapaKubwa (40-89%)90
BuckwheatFagopyrum esculentumKubwa (40-89%)80
PeaPyrus communisKubwa (40-89%)60
FennelFoeniculum vulgareKubwa (40-89%)50
Common corianderCoriandrum sativumKubwa (40-89%)50
Highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumKubwa (40-89%)50
PlamuPrunus domesticaKubwa (40-89%)50
CheriPrunus aviumKubwa (40-89%)40
Sour cherryPrunus cerasusKubwa (40-89%)40
CucumberCucumis sativusKubwa (40-89%)10
PeachPrunus persicaKubwa (40-89%)10
Common medlarMespilus germanicaKubwa (40-89%)10
ApricotPrunus armeniacaKubwa (40-89%)0-
ParachichiPersea americanaKubwa (40-89%)0-
Lowbush blueberryVaccinium angustifoliumKubwa (40-89%)0-
Rabbit-eye blueberryVaccinium virgatumKubwa (40-89%)0-
CloudberryRubus chamaemorusKubwa (40-89%)0-
Robusta coffeeCoffea canephoraKubwa (40-89%)0-
Small cranberryVaccinium oxycoccosKubwa (40-89%)0-
LoziPrunus dulcisKubwa (40-89%)0-
NutmegMyristica fragransKubwa (40-89%)0-
CuminCuminum cyminumKubwa (40-89%)0-
Jamaica pepperPimenta dioicaKubwa (40-89%)0-
EmbeMangifera indicaKubwa (40-89%)0-
CashewAnacardium occidentaleKubwa (40-89%)0-
Cluster cardamonElettaria cardamomumKubwa (40-89%)0-
CarambolaAverrhoa carambolaKubwa (40-89%)0-
FeijoaFeijoa sellowianaKubwa (40-89%)0-
RapeseedBrassica napusWastani (10-39%)641
White mustardSinapis albaWastani (10-39%)231
Broad beanVicia fabaWastani (10-39%)150
Common sunflowerHelianthus annuusWastani (10-39%)151
Black elderSambucus nigraWastani (10-39%)120
Black mustardBrassica nigraWastani (10-39%)80
Sweet chestnutCastanea sativaWastani (10-39%)70
StroberiFragaria ananassaWastani (10-39%)70
Black currantRibes nigrumWastani (10-39%)50
SoybeanGlycine maxWastani (10-39%)30
Chinese dateZiziphus jujubaWastani (10-39%)30
CarawayCarum carviWastani (10-39%)20
Tree-strawberryArbutus unedoWastani (10-39%)20
NaziCocos nuciferaWastani (10-39%)0-
Arabica coffeeCoffea arabicaWastani (10-39%)0-
Red currantRibes rubrumWastani (10-39%)0-
BiringaniSolanum melongenaWastani (10-39%)0-
Common figFicus caricaWastani (10-39%)0-
OkraAbelmoschus esculentusWastani (10-39%)0-
Upland cottonGossypium hirsutumWastani (10-39%)0-
Gossypium barbadenseGossypium barbadenseWastani (10-39%)0-
Common sesameSesamum indicumWastani (10-39%)0-
Service treeCormus domesticaWastani (10-39%)0-
Liberian CoffeeCoffea libericaWastani (10-39%)0-
Sword beanCanavalia gladiataWastani (10-39%)0-
Prickly pearOpuntia ficus-indicaWastani (10-39%)0-
PeraPsidium guajavaWastani (10-39%)0-
KomamangaPunica granatumWastani (10-39%)0-
FlaxLinum usitatissimumKidogo (1-9%)60
AzaroleCrataegus azarolusKidogo (1-9%)50
French beanPhaseolus vulgarisKidogo (1-9%)30
Runner beanPhaseolus coccineusKidogo (1-9%)10
LimauCitrus limonKidogo (1-9%)10
TomatoSolanum lycopersicumKidogo (1-9%)10
Lima beanPhaseolus lunatusKidogo (1-9%)0-
Mung beanVigna radiataKidogo (1-9%)0-
Bell pepperCapsicum annuumKidogo (1-9%)0-
ChilliCapsicum frutescensKidogo (1-9%)0-
Black-eyed peaVigna unguiculataKidogo (1-9%)0-
NdimuCitrus aurantiifoliaKidogo (1-9%)0-
Bitter orangeCitrus aurantiumKidogo (1-9%)0-
PomeloCitrus grandisKidogo (1-9%)0-
Sweet lemonCitrus medicaKidogo (1-9%)0-
ChenzaCitrus reticulataKidogo (1-9%)0-
ChungwaCitrus sinensisKidogo (1-9%)0-
CumquatCitrus japonicaKidogo (1-9%)0-
NjuguArachis hypogaeaKidogo (1-9%)0-
PersimmonDiospyros kakiKidogo (1-9%)0-
SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriusKidogo (1-9%)0-
PapaiCarica papayaKidogo (1-9%)0-
Star appleChrysophyllum cainitoKidogo (1-9%)0-
LonganDimocarpus longanKidogo (1-9%)0-
RambutanNephelium lappaceumKidogo (1-9%)0-
Oil palm fruitElaeis guineensisKidogo (1-9%)0-
Hog plumSpondias mombinKidogo (1-9%)0-
PeaLathyrus oleraceusHakuna80
QuinoaChenopodium quinoaHakuna0-
ChickpeaCicer arietinumHakuna0-
LentilVicia lensHakuna0-
ZabibuVitis viniferaHakuna0-
OliveOlea europaeaHakuna0-
Common juniperJuniperus communishaijulikani140
QuinceCydonia oblongahaijulikani60

Vyanzo

Ukurasa huu unatumia vyanzo vyenye leseni huria pekee. Hifadhidata ya nyuki yenyewe ina rekodi zaidi, kutoka vyanzo ambavyo ruhusa yake bado inasubiriwa.

  1. European Red List of Bees (2026), Appendix 1: Red List status at Pan-Europe and EU27 levels
    Publications Office of the European Union / IUCN · toleo 2026 · leseni CC BY 4.0
    Michez, D. et al. (2026). European Red List of Bees. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2779/521877 (CC BY 4.0). Appendix 1.
    doi.org/10.2779/521877
  2. Vliegperiode per maand, afgeleid uit BeeBDC-waarnemingen met open licentie (CC0 / CC BY)
    FairGrow (afgeleid) · toleo 1.3.4 · leseni CC BY 4.0 (afgeleid uit CC0 / CC BY)
    Afgeleid door FairGrow uit: Dorey, J. B. et al. (2023). A globally synthesised and flagged bee occurrence dataset and cleaning workflow. Scientific Data 10: 747. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02626-w. Cleaned database v1.3.4 (2024-02-15), Figshare. Kleinste maandvenster met 90% van de waarnemingen, minimaal 20 records.
    doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02626-w
  3. EU Pollinator Hub PLLNT11.0.0 Pollination: dependency of crops on animal pollination
    EU Pollinator Hub (EFSA / BeeLife), Zenodo · toleo PLLNT11.0.0 · leseni CC BY 4.0
    Rubinigg, M. (2023). Pollination (PLLNT11.0.0). EU Pollinator Hub. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18008331 (CC BY 4.0). Based on Klein, A.-M. et al. (2007). Proc. R. Soc. B 274: 303-313. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3721
    doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18008331
  4. Bij-plantinteracties: EuPPollNet via GloBI (CC BY 4.0)
    GloBI / Big Bee · toleo 7.0 · leseni CC BY 4.0
    Lanuza, J. B. et al. (2025). EuPPollNet: a European database of plant-pollinator networks. Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.15183272 (CC BY 4.0), via Seltmann, K. et al. / Big Bee project and GloBI (2025). Global Bee Interaction Data v7.0. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17957582. Underlying data: Global Biotic Interactions (Poelen et al. 2014).
    doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17957582
  5. Bij-plantinteracties: DoPI via GloBI (CC BY 4.0)
    GloBI / Big Bee · toleo 7.0 · leseni CC BY 4.0
    Balfour, N. J. et al. Database of Pollinator Interactions (DoPI). Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.15224385 (CC BY 4.0), via Seltmann, K. et al. / Big Bee project and GloBI (2025). Global Bee Interaction Data v7.0. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17957582. Underlying data: Global Biotic Interactions (Poelen et al. 2014).
    doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17957582
Makundi ya nyuki

Nyuki gani huruka karibu na shamba lako?

Katika hifadhidata ya nyuki ya FairGrow unaona spishi zilizo katika seli zinazozunguka mashamba yako na maeneo yako ya nyuki, pamoja na hali ya hewa ya kuruka na mazingira ya chakula cha nyuki.

Fungua hifadhidata ya nyuki →Rudi kwenye maktaba ya maarifa
Endelea kuchunguza

Miongozo inayohusiana

Makundi ya nyukiNyuki wa porini na nyuki wa asali wa Ulaya, kwa jenasi: kuna spishi ngapi, wako hatariniSoma mwongozo →Hatari ya magonjwa na wadudu kutokana na hali ya hewa, kwa kila shambaFairGrow inakokotoa hatari ya magonjwa ya mazao na wadudu kutokana na hali ya hewa kwa kilaSoma mwongozo →Ulinzi wa mazao: je, kiuatilifu hiki kinaruhusiwa hapa, kwenye zao hili, dhidi ya mdudu huyu?Kiuatilifu kilichoidhinishwa Uholanzi hakijaidhinishwa kwa sababu hiyo Ubelgiji au Ujerumani. Hata kama kiambato hai kimeidhinishwa katikaSoma mwongozo →Misimbo ya EPPO: ufunguo mmoja kwa kila mmea na kila mduduBuxusmot, pyrale du buis, Buchsbaumzünsler, box tree moth (nondo wa buksi). Majina manne, mdudu mmoja. MaadamuSoma mwongozo →

Vinjari msingi mzima wa maarifa →

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Asante!

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