Mildiou ushobora gusoma, tubikesha Piacenza
Ibimenyetso vyacu vya mildiou mu mirima y’imizabibu bikoresha uburyo bw’imbuto (sporangia) bwa Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore y’i Piacenza. Si ijoro ryose ritose rizana ingwara: ubwo buryo buharura imbuto ziriho vy’ukuri, n’igihe zimara zikiri nzima.
Uburyo buri inyuma y’ikimenyetso
Uburyo bw’imbuto bwubatswe n’abashakashatsi bamaze imyaka bapima mu mirima y’imizabibu ingene mildiou ikwiragira vy’ukuri. Twebwe ntitwahimbye uburyo bw’ingwara. Twasubiye kwubaka ubwabo duhereye ku vyo basohoye ku mugaragaro.
Chiara Brischetto, Federica Bove, Giorgia Fedele na Vittorio Rossi, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza
Mildiou (Plasmopara viticola) ikwiragira mu ci biciye ku mbuto (sporangia): udufuko duto tw’imbuto twimeza mw’ijoro ku bikomere bisanzwe biriho, turekurwa iyo twumye kandi dutera ikibabi gishasha gusa iyo kiguma gitose igihe gihagije. Uburyo bwinshi buraba gusa amababi atose n’ubushuhe. Uburyo bw’i Piacenza bukurikirana n’imbuto nyene: zingahe zimeza, zingahe ziguma ari nzima iyo ikirere cumye, n’izingahe zisigaye igihe imvura iguye.
Ubwo buryo bwasohowe mu 2021 muri Frontiers in Plant Science kandi bwageragejwe mu bihe bitatu vy’uburimyi mu mirima y’imizabibu, kuva mu 2015 gushika mu 2017. Bwateganije neza 80% vy’ingwara na 81% vy’imisi itagira ingwara. Igihe ubwo buryo bwavuga ko nta ngwara, bwari bufise ukuri mu 87% vy’ivyabaye. Ni vyo nyene umurimyi akeneye: umusi utuje ni umusi utuje vy’ukuri.
Soma inyandiko kuri frontiersin.org. Yuguruye ku bantu bose. Nimba wewe nyene ukora ku buryo bw’ingwara mu burimyi bw’imizabibu, igikorwa c’uyu mugwi gikwiye umwanya wawe.
Isoko: Brischetto C, Bove F, Fedele G, Rossi V (2021). A weather-driven model for predicting infections of grapevines by sporangia of Plasmopara viticola. Front. Plant Sci. 12: 636607. Yerekanwa kandi kuri buri karata ka mildiou muri dashboard yawe.
Igihe c’uburimyi ca 2026: ahantu hamwe, uburyo bubiri bwo guharura
Twasubiye guharura igihe cose c’uburimyi ca 2026 (01/04 gushika 30/09) ahantu icenda, dukoresheje ikirere nk’uko cagenze vy’ukuri. Ubwa mbere dukoresheje uburyo bwacu bwa kera: igihe cose gitose, kirimwo imvura, inyuma y’ingwara ya mbere caraharurwa. Hanyuma dukoresheje uburyo bw’imbuto. Ahantu hose hafatwa nk’aho harimwo imizabibu, ku buryo uburyo bwo guharura ari bwo bwonyene butandukana.
Imisi itukura mu gihe c’uburimyi (mildiou, 2026)
| Ahantu | Igihugu | Igihe gitose gusa | Uburyo bw’imbuto, igitukura | Uburyo bw’imbuto, umuhondo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emmeloord | NL | 65 | 24 | 18 |
| Wildervank | NL | 67 | 24 | 17 |
| Lelystad | NL | 66 | 27 | 12 |
| Westmaas | NL | 54 | 22 | 12 |
| Wilhelminadorp | NL | 57 | 23 | 16 |
| Gembloux | BE | 50 | 18 | 16 |
| Beitem | BE | 50 | 12 | 16 |
| Dzoraghbyur | AM | 22 | 4 | 7 |
| Gyumri | AM | 49 | 12 | 19 |
Itandukaniro si urubibe rukomeye kuruta. Riri mu mbuto: inyuma y’imisi mike yumye ziba zapfuye, kandi imvura nkeya iguye inyuma y’aho ntitera ingwara. Imisi itukura ubu iri mu ndwi zitose z’ukwezi kwa gatandatu, ukwa munani n’ukwa cenda, kandi ukwezi kwa ndwi kwumye kurasa n’ukurimwo ubusa.
Ivyo twafashe uko biri, n’ivyo twahuje twebwe nyene
Gukura uburyo mu nyandiko y’ubushakashatsi ukabushira ku rubuga bisaba guhitamwo. Aya ni yo mahitamwo twafashe, kandi ushobora kuyabona yose mu biharuro biri inyuma ya buri karata.
Vyafashwe uko biri
Igihe imbuto zimeza (igihe c’ubuhehere c’amasaha atatu nibura mw’ijoro, 10 gushika 30 °C), ubutose ntarengwa bukenewe kugira ingwara itere (amasaha 2 kuri 21 °C, nta na kimwe munsi ya 4 canke hejuru ya 30,2 °C) n’urubibe rw’ubukaze rwa 0,065 aho ingwara iteganywa iyo rurenzwe.
Ukubaho bivana n’ukwuma
Igihe imbuto (sporangia) zimara biva muri Brischetto n’abandi (2020): imisi irenga icenda mu kirere cuzuye ubuhehere, umusi umwe n’igice mu kirere cumye. Iyo formule tuyisoma nk’igihe co kubaho; iyo uyisomye uko iri nk’ingene zipfa ku isaha, yotanga ibihushanye n’ivyapimwe.
Vyahujwe natwe nyene
Ingene imbuto zimeza ari nyinshi n’ingene zitera vuba vyerekanwa mu bishushanyo vy’inyandiko zibiri zo mu 1988 (Lalancette n’abandi) ibiharuro vyazo vy’ishingiro bitasohowe ku mugaragaro. Twahuje izo formule n’ibiharuro vyasohowe, nka 50% vy’imbuto inyuma y’amasaha 8 kuri 20 °C.
Ubwa mbere igikomere
Nta bikomere, nta mbuto. Ubwo buryo butangura guharura gusa uhereye ku ngwara ya mbere y’igihe c’uburimyi (itegeko rya 3-10) canke uhereye igihe umenyesheje ko ubona mildiou.
Imvura, si ikime gusa
Imbuto zoga (zoospores) zikenera amazi yidegemvya, kandi uburyo bw’ikirere bugereranya nabi ikime. Ni co gituma igihe gitose giharurwa gusa iyo hagwa nibura 0,2 mm vy’imvura muri ico gihe. Umuyobozi ashobora guhindura urwo rubibe.
Amahirwe aho kuvuga ego canke oya
Inyandiko itanga kandi amahirwe y’ingwara yoroheje, iringaniye canke ikaze kuri buri rugero rw’ubukaze. Umuhondo usigura ko ingwara ishoboka, igitukura gisigura ko amahirwe y’ingwara ari 50% canke arenga.
Aho ubibona
Uburyo bumwe, ahantu hatatu muri FairGrow.
Ikarata ya mildiou
Ku murima wose, ibimenyetso vy’amasaha 48 aheze n’amasaha 72 aza, n’umurongo “Uburyo bw’imbuto (Brischetto n’abandi 2021)” n’isiguro ushobora kwagura.
Umusi ku wundi
Ku musi wose: amasaha y’ubutose, ingero y’imbuto, ubukaze n’amahirwe y’ingwara. Nta gisandugu c’umwiza: ubona igituma umusi ari igitukura.
Ikarata ku rubaho
Akaga k’ingwara ni igiharuro kiri mu gitunganya ibikorwa vyikora. Ku karata, wishura ukuburira kwose “nabibonye” canke “sinabibonye”, ku buryo ubwo buryo bushobora kwigenzura bugereranya n’igiterwa cawe.
Ubwo buryo bwageragejwe mu mirima y’imizabibu yo mu Butaliyano. Mu Buholandi, mu Bubiligi no muri Arumeniya ntiburagereranywa n’ivyo abarimyi babona mu biterwa vyabo. Ni co gituma ukuburira kwose kubaza: woba wabibonye? Inyishu yose ituma ikimenyetso kiba ciza kuruta ku bantu bose.
Bibone mu murima wawe w’imizabibu
Ongerako umurima wawe ushizeko imizabibu nk’igiterwa, ibimenyetso vya mildiou bica biboneka aho urima vy’ukuri.
Ugurura konti yawe ya Starter → Umuhango wacu →