Imyaka mirongo ine y’amakuru y’ikirere, kubera NASA
Inyuma ya buri jambo rivuga ngo “birashushe kuruta uku bisanzwe” muri FairGrow, harimwo NASA POWER: imyaka mirongo ine y’amakuru y’ikirere yakusanyijwe hifashishijwe za satelite, ku hantu hose kw’isi, kandi akoreshwa n’umuntu wese ku buntu. Turayakoresha kugira tumenyeshe niba uku kwezi ari ukwezi gusanzwe ku murima wawe, no kuba impanuro ya kabiri ku bijanye n’ikirere ubona.
Amakuru ari inyuma yo kugereranya
Indwi imwe gusa y’ikirere igufasha kumenya ivyabaye. Ni amakuru y’igihe kirekire gusa amenyesha niba vyari bidasanzwe. Ntitwakusanyije imyaka mirongo ine y’amakuru y’ikirere ku murima wawe. NASA ni yo yabikoze, ku isi yose, kandi ibitanga ku buntu, nta rufunguzo, nta impushya canke ikiguzi.
NASA Langley Research Center, umushinga POWER
POWER bisobanura Prediction Of Worldwide Energy Resources (guhanura ivyerekeye ubushobozi bw’ingufu ku isi). Yatanguye ari serivisi ku bahinga mu ngufu z’izuba, hanyuma ihinduka amakuru y’ikirere y’igihe kirekire ku bahinzi, ababaka n’abashakashatsi. Itsinda rya POWER muri NASA Langley i Hampton, muri Virginia, ririko rirabikomeza kuva mu myaka ya 1990.
Iyi mibare ntiva ku bipimo bifatirwa ku masitasiyo y’ikirere. Iva kuri MERRA-2NASAIsesengura ry’igihe cahise mu buryo bugezwehoIsesengura risubiramwo: uburyo bwo guhanura ikirere bukoreshwa mu gusubira inyuma mu gihe cahise, bugahuzwa isaha ku yindi n’ibipimo vyose NASA yashoboye kuronka biva ku masatelite no ku butaka. Ivyavuyemo n’amakuru ahuye ku hantu hose kw’isi, na ho hatigeze haba isitasiyo., aya ni amasesengura NASA ikorera ku kirere c’isi yose kuva mu 1980, hamwe n’ibikoresho vya satelite CERES na FLASHFlux bipima ingene izuba rigera ku butaka. Hamwe, biratanga ubushuhe, ubuhehere, umuyaga, imvura, ubushuhe bw’ubutaka n’imirasire y’izuba ku gice c’ikarita c’ikigero cirikubira ibirometero mirongo itanu, isaha ku yindi, kuva mu 2001, no ku kwezi kuva mu 1981.
Hari ibintu bibiri bigira POWER ikintu cy’agaciro ku muhinzi. Ifata uduce twose kw’isi mu buryo bumwe, ku buryo ubusitani buri muri Arumeniya bubona amakuru afise ireme rimwe n’umurima uri mu Buhorandi. Kandi ntaho ihuriye n’imibare ikoreshwa mu guhanura ikirere, ni co gituma tuyikoresha nk’impanuro ya kabiri.
Ishimwe: data obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center POWER Project, funded through the NASA Earth Science/Applied Science Program. Bigaragara munsi ya buri gice gikoresha ayo makuru.
Ibibazo bibiri, ntawundi
NASA POWER irashobora gutanga inyishu ku bibazo amagana. FairGrow ibaza bibiri gusa, kubera ko ari vyo umuhinzi akeneye mu makuru y’imyaka mirongo ine.
Ibisanzwe ni ibihe hano, ku kwezi?
Ibisanzwe cumi na bibiri by’amezi, ku bijanye n’izuba, ubushuhe n’imvura, bipimwa mu myaka myinshi. Iki ni co gipimo. Udafise iki gipimo, “dogere 18 muri Gicurasi” ni umubare gusa. Ufise co, biba “dogere ebyiri hejuru y’ibisanzwe muri Gicurasi hano”.
Indwi iheze yagenze gute?
Isaha ku yindi mu minsi indwi iheze: ubushuhe, ubuhehere, umuyaga, izuba n’amazi ari mu butaka bwo hejuru no mu mizi. Muri ivyo tubara ET₀Uburinganire bw’amaziUbwiyongere bw’amazi asanzwe atakaraIngene ubwatsi bugufi, buhagije amazi, bwotakaza amazi bujya mu kirere mu munsi umwe, mu bipimo bya milimetero. Ni co gipimo gisanzwe c’ikenewe ry’amazi ku bimera. FairGrow ibibara ivuye ku bushuhe, ubuhehere, umuyaga n’izuba, ku buryo amasoko abiri atandukanye atanga agaciro kabiri katandukanye ka ET₀., amazi igihingwa cawe gitakaza mu kirere.
Iteganyagihe
POWER irareba ivya kera, ntiretegure ibizoza. Iteganyagihe ryawe rivuye ku bipimo bikoreshwa na Open-Meteo. Iryo tandukaniro ni ryabigenewe: amakuru akoreshwa mu kugenzura iteganyagihe ntategerezwa kuva aho iteganyagihe rivuye.
Aho NASA igaragara
Ahantu hatatu. Nta na hamwe ugomba kumenya ico ari isesengura.
Ikirere c’ibihembwe mu makuru y’ahantu
Igishushanyo c’ikirere c’ahantu hawe, kigaragaza ubushuhe n’imvura bisanzwe kuri buri kwezi, hamwe n’interuro imwe ku bijanye n’ubu: izuba n’ubushuhe biri hejuru canke munsi y’ivyo igihembwe gitanga, n’ico ivyo bisobanura ku kibonezo c’amazi.
Impanuro ya kabiri mu rwego rw’ikirere
Fungura NASA iruhande ya Open-Meteo mu bishushanyo vy’ubushuhe, ubuhehere, umuyaga, amazi mu butaka na ET₀. Umurongo ugaragaza intera iri hagati y’amasoko abiri werekana ingene atandukanira. Iyo bahuye, wizigire umubare, iyo batandukanye, ugire ubwitonzi kuri wo.
Ubushuhe bw’ikirahure gitose mu gihe co gusiga umuti
Igihe co gusiga umuti kirenga ku itandukaniro riri hagati y’ubushuhe bw’umwuka n’ubushuhe bw’ikirahure gitose. Amasoko yombi atanga ubushuhe bwayo bw’ikirahure gitose, ku buryo ubona niba ico gihe gikomeye canke ari igitekerezo c’igipimo kimwe gusa.
Amasoko abiri, umurongo umwe
Open-Meteo ikoresha icapimo ryo guhanura rigenzurwa isaha ku yindi kugira ryegere ukuri. NASA POWER na yo isubiramwo ivya kera ivuye ku masatelite n’isesengura, hafi umunsi umwe inyuma. Nta na kimwe muri byo ari ukuri kwuzuye. Intera iri hagati yabyo ni amakuru y’ukuri, kandi turayayerekana aho kuyanyegeza.
Kubaza mu bwiza, kubika mu bwitonzi
NASA itanga aya makuru ku isi yose ku buntu. Turayafata nk’uko umushitsi mwiza afata uwamwakiriye.
Ibisanzwe ntibihinduka
Impuzandengo z’imyaka mirongo ine zihinduka gahoro cane, ni co gituma tubaza rimwe mu minsi 90 kuri buri hantu tugakomeza kubika inyishu. Abahinzi babiri bari ku ntera y’amametero magana make bahuriza kuri kimwe.
Indwi iheze, buri miniti 30
Amakuru y’isaha ku yindi abikwa iminota 30 imbere y’uko dusubira kubaza. Gufungura igishushanyo kimwe incuro 10 bica ku NASA icibwa kimwe gusa, atari 10.
Aho uri nyene, atari aho umubanyi ari
Akadomo ka POWER kagera ku bilometero mirongo itanu z’ubugari. Turabaza ibisanzwe ku hantu hawe nyene, atari ku kadomo koroshejwe gatangwa n’icapimo cyo guhanura, kubera ko akadomo kari iruhande gashobora kuba umusozi ufise ibisanzwe vya Kamana bikonje dogere cumi kuruta ikibaya cawe.
Ukuri ku bijanye n’ubugoreke
Isesengura rikeneye umunsi umwe kugira riseruke ukuri kw’ubu. Amasaha ya vuba aza adafise amakuru, kandi igishushanyo kivuga imyaka y’agaciro ka nyuma nyako aho gushushanya umurongo aho ata kintu kiri.
Nta rufunguzo, nta konte, nta gukurikirana
POWER ntisaba na kimwe mu gusubiza. Twohereza gusa uburebure n’uburebure bw’ahantu (latitude na longitude) n’amazina y’ibipimo dukeneye. Nta kintu na kimwe kijanye nawe kijana kuri NASA.
Kuguma tudakoze igihe NASA idatanga inyishu
Iyo iyo serivisi itasubije, turindira imbere yo kubaza kabiri, kandi ikibaho cawe kigaragaza gusa irindi soko. Impanuro ya kabiri ibuze igaragazwa ko ibuze, ntibivugwe ivyagenze.
Nta ruhusha, ariko ishimwe ntiribura
Amakuru ya NASA akozwe na Guverinoma ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kandi ntafise uburenganzira bwo gukoperwa canke uruhusha. Umuntu wese arashobora kuyakoresha ku kintu ico ari co cose. Itsinda rya POWER risaba gusa ko abakoresha bavuga aho ayo makuru avuye, kugira ngo umugambi uwatanga imfashanyo ubone ico washoboye gutuma kibaho.
Tubona ko ico ari ikiguzi gito ku myaka mirongo ine y’amakuru y’ikirere, ni co gituma iyo nteruro igaragara munsi ya buri gice gikoresha ayo makuru, kandi ikandikwa muri buri raporo ifise ugereranya kw’ibihembwe. Ni na ko bimeze kuri SoilGrids, ikarita y’ubutaka yakozwe na ISRIC iri iruhande y’ibisanzwe by’ikirere mu makuru y’ahantu hawe, na kuri za satelite za Copernicus zibona umurima wawe ziri mu kirere.
NASA POWER ni imwe mu masoko menshi afunguye ari ku kibaho cawe. Iteganyagihe rivuye ku bipimo bikoreshwa na Open-Meteo, amateka n’ubuziranenge bw’umwuka biva ku maserivisi ya Copernicus y’ikirere n’umwuka, ivumbi riva kuri SILAM, amashusho ya satelite ava kuri Copernicus Sentinel-2, ibisanzwe by’ubutaka biva kuri SoilGrids, n’imbibe z’imirima ziva mu bwanditsi bw’imirima bwo mu Burayi. Ibikoresho vyawe bwite biri hagati ya vyose.
Reba ingene igihembwe cawe gisanzwe
Fungura konti yawe wongereko ahantu hawe. Ibisanzwe by’imyaka mirongo ine ku hantu hawe biragaragara mu makuru y’ahantu, kandi impanuro ya kabiri iri kure y’akayunguruzo kamwe gusa mu gishushanyo cose c’ikirere.
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