Ni iki umurima wawe ukeneye?
Hamwe na Growers Toolbox urabona ako kanya, nta rupapuro rwo kwuzuza canke gutegereza, amazi angahe igiterwa cawe gikeneye, icigwa uri muri co mu gukura, hamwe n’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bikwiye.
Nta rupapuro. Inyishu ako kanya.
Kera warahamagara ukategereza ko baguhamagara. Ubu urahitamwo ubwoko bw’igiterwa cawe ukabona ako kanya amazi ukeneye, icigwa uri muri co mu gukura, n’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bikwiranye. Vyoroshe ku murima muto, bikaba bigezweho ku bahinzi b’inzobere.
Menya amazi ukeneye mu masegonda 30
Umurima muto canke uwo gutera imisegereti, sera canke ikibanza kigaragara: dutubwire mu bugufi ivyo utera, Growers Toolbox igaca ikubwira ako kanya amazi ukeneye, gahunda yo kuvomera, ubunini bw’ikibindi c’amazi n’ibikoresho vya Zigbee bikwiranye. Hindura hagati y’uburyo bworoshe n’ubugezweho mu gukanda rimwe gusa.
Amazi akenewe arahinduka bivanye n’icigwa co gukura
Igiterwa gitoya kinywa amazi make, kinywa menshi igihe kirimwo indabo n’imbuto, hanyuma kikagabanuka kandi igihe kigeze ku bwiza. Kanda ku cigwa urabe ivyabaho. Hindukira ku bugezweho kugira ubone amakode ya BBCH, ivyagateranywe vy’igiterwa n’imigambi y’igukura.
Amasoko n’ishingiro ry’ubumenyi
Uburyo bugezweho ntibukoresha amategeko yo guhanura gusa, ariko bukoresha uburyo buzwi kandi busuzumwe n’inzobere (peer-reviewed). Hasi ho harerekanwa isoko ry’ibanze rya buri ntambwe yo kubara. Mu bumenyi, ivyashoboka kwerekanwa gusa ni vyo bifise agaciro, ni co gituma buri mibare hamwe n’agaciro ka buri tabike bishobora gutohozwa.
Amazi akenewe akurikira ingingo ya FAO: ETc = ETo × Kc, hamwe n’ico igiterwa gisohora mu buryo bwa Penman-Monteith, naho mu Buholandi hakoreshwa ingingo ya Makkink ya KNMI. Uburinganire bw’amazi mu butaka (TAW, RAW, intera hagati y’ukuvomera) buvuye mu ngingo imwe ya FAO-56. Umunyu w’ubutaka ukurikira icigereranyo ca Maas na Hoffman, naho igiteranyo c’ubushuhe kikaba ica McMaster na Wilhelm. Ku bijanye n’igukura munsi y’ibirahure (sera), turerekeza ku bikorwa vya Stanghellini.
- Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. & Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration: guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. FAO, Rome. fao.org/4/x0490e. Isoko rya ETo (Ingingo 6), ivyahinduwe kuri Kc (Ingingo 62/65), TAW/RAW (Ingingo 82/83) na Tabike 19/22.
- Penman, H.L. (1948). Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 193, 120-145. doi:10.1098/rspa.1948.0037
- Monteith, J.L. (1965). Evaporation and environment. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, 19, 205-234.
- Makkink, G.F. (1957). Testing the Penman formula by means of lysimeters. Journal of the Institution of Water Engineers, 11, 277-288.
- De Bruin, H.A.R. (1987). From Penman to Makkink. In: Hooghart, J.C. (ed.), Evaporation and Weather, CHO-TNO Proceedings 39, 5-31. Yashize ku mugaragaro igitigiri kidahinduka c = 0.65 gikoreshwa na KNMI.
- Hooghart, J.C. & Lablans, W.N. (eds.) (1988). Van Penman naar Makkink; een nieuwe berekeningswijze voor de klimatologische verdampingsgetallen. CHO-TNO Rapporten en Nota’s 19 (also KNMI TR-111), The Hague.
- Maas, E.V. & Hoffman, G.J. (1977). Crop salt tolerance: current assessment. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division (ASCE), 103(IR2), 115-134. doi:10.1061/JRCEA4.0001137
- McMaster, G.S. & Wilhelm, W.W. (1997). Growing degree-days: one equation, two interpretations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 87(4), 291-300. doi:10.1016/S0168-1923(97)00027-0
- Meier, U. (ed.) (2001). Growth stages of mono- and dicotyledonous plants. BBCH Monograph, 2nd edition. Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (BBA), Germany. Open access (2018): doi:10.5073/20180906-074619
- Steduto, P., Hsiao, T.C., Raes, D. & Fereres, E. (2009). AquaCrop, the FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water: I. Concepts and underlying principles. Agronomy Journal, 101(3), 426-437. doi:10.2134/agronj2008.0139s
- Allen, R.G. & Pereira, L.S. (2009). Estimating crop coefficients from fraction of ground cover and height. Irrigation Science, 28(1), 17-34. doi:10.1007/s00271-009-0182-z
- Stanghellini, C. (1987). Transpiration of greenhouse crops: an aid to climate management. PhD thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University. doi:10.18174/202121
- Katsoulas, N. & Stanghellini, C. (2019). Modelling crop transpiration in greenhouses: different models for different applications. Agronomy, 9(7), 392. doi:10.3390/agronomy9070392
- Ayers, R.S. & Westcot, D.W. (1985). Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 29 Rev.1, Rome. Yisubiramwo tabike y’ukwihanganira umunyu ya Maas na Hoffman.
Growers Toolbox ni iki?
Ni umugwi w’ibikoresho ngirakamaro bitanga inyishu ako kanya ku bibazo vyo gutera, hatangiriye ku gipimo c’amazi akenewe. Nta rupapuro rwo kwuzuza, inyishu gusa.
Igipimo c’amazi gikora gute?
Winjiza amakuru make ku murima wawe, na co kigaca kigereranya amazi ukeneye mu masegonda nka 30, bivanye n’icigwa igiterwa cawe kirimwo mu gukura.
Kubera iki amazi akenewe ahinduka bivanye n’icigwa co gukura?
Ibimera bikoresha amazi mu buryo butandukanye uko bikura, ni co gituma igipimo gishira mu ngingo icigwa kugira gitange umubare ugereranye neza aho gutanga umubare udahinduka.
Impanuro zishingiye ku bumenyi nyakuri?
Ego. Ibibarwa bishingiye ku masoko azwi n’ishingiro ry’ubumenyi, birerekanwa kuri iyi paji.
Nkeneye kwiyandikisha kugira ngo nkoreshe ibi bikoresho?
Oya. Ibikoresho bitanga inyishu ako kanya nta kwiyandikisha bisaba. Ku vyerekeye amakuru ahoraho avuye ku murima wawe, raba ibipimo.
FairGrow irashobora gukora ivyo mu buryo bwikora?
Ego. Ufise ibipimo vyawe bwite, FairGrow ikurikirana ibintu ako kanya kandi igukomeza guhanura uko ibintu bihinduka. Raba uko bikora.
