Igiterwa cawe gikeneye amazi angahe muri iyi ndwi?
Vyaharuwe hakoreshejwe iteganyagihe ry’aho uri na FAO-56, uburyo nyene ikibanza ca FairGrow gikoresha.
Utahisemwo, duharura aho uri dukoresheje umurongo wawe wa internet. Ni igisagara, si aderese, kandi nta kindi kintu tubika kubera ivyo. “Aho ndi nyezina” isaba uruhusha kuri navigateri yawe kandi ikoresha aho uri kuri iki giharuro gusa.
Hitamwo ikiri hafi cane. Inyuma y’aho urashobora guhindura vyose.
Kuva ku nyishu gushika ku ngingo ivomera yonyene
Toolbox iharura ku ndwi imwe. Ikibanza giharura bushasha buri musi, hamwe na sensor yawe n’iteganyagihe, kandi kivomera gusa igihe amazi yo mu vu yaheze kandi nta mvura iriko iraza.
Ivyikora vyawe muri YAML
Shira ibi muri Ivyikora ku kibanza. Moteri ihuza amazina y’akarorero na sensor n’irobine vyawe, kandi ikerekana ivyo ihuza imbere y’uko hari ikintu gitangura gukora. Imiterere ni iya Home Assistant, rero urashobora kandi kuyikurayo.
Amazi akenewe atandukana ku cigwa co gukura
Igiterwa gikiri gito kinywa bike, igiterwa kiriko kirarabya kinywa vyinshi kuruta, kandi mu kwera bigabanuka kandi. Kanda ku cigwa kimwe.
Ivu ryawe ni ryo ritegeka incuro, si ingene amazi angana
Amazi igiterwa cawe gikoresha aheraho ku kirere no ku giterwa. Ivu ryawe ni ryo ritegeka ingene rishobora kubika muri ayo, rero incuro ukwiye kuvomera n’amazi ku ncuro imwe.
Umusenyi, ivu ryoroshe
Ribika amazi make, nka mm 50 gushika 110 kuri metero imwe y’akarere k’imizi, kandi ifumbire itwarwa n’amazi bitagoranye.
Rero: amazi make, kenshi.
Ivu rivanze (loam)
Ribika amazi neza kandi rikareka amazi arenze agaca. Rihanganira amakosa menshi yo kuvomera.
Rero: amazi aringaniye, kenshi na kenshi.
Ibumba, ivu riremereye
Rishobora kubika amazi menshi, ariko rinyuza buhoro. Amazi menshi icarimwe atera ibiziba no kubura umwuka wa oksijene ku mizi.
Rero: amazi menshi, incuro nkeya, kandi usuke buhoro.
Ntuzi ivu ufise? Ibigeragezo bibiri
Ikigeragezo c’umugozi
Tosa urushi rw’ivu, urikate hanyuma urisunike hejuru hagati y’urukumu n’urutoke rwerekana gushika ribaye umugozi.
- Rirasandara, ryumvikana nk’utuntu dukomeye: umusenyi.
- Umugozi mugufi uvunika, munsi ya cm 2,5: ivu rivanze.
- Umugozi muremure, wunama kandi ufatana, hejuru ya cm 5: ibumba.
Ikigeragezo c’icupa
Uzuza igice kimwe muri bitatu c’icupa ry’ikirahure ivu, wongereko amazi n’agatonyanga k’isabuni yo koza ibiyiko, uzunguze hanyuma ureke amasaha 48. Hasi hamanuka umusenyi, hejuru yawo silt, hejuru cane ibumba. Ubunini bw’ivyiciro bwerekana ingene bingana.
Uku ni ko toolbox iharura
Intambwe yose irashobora gusuzumwa. Aho duharura ku rugero, turabivuga.
- Ikirere c’aho uri. Iyuka ry’amazi ry’ikigereranyo ETo (FAO Penman-Monteith), imvura n’ubushuhe ku misi indwi iza, biva ku buryo bwa DWD ICON biciye kuri seriveri yacu bwite y’ikirere. Uhisemwo ukwezi: impuzandengo za 2025 aho uri ziva muri ERA5. [1] [10] [11]
- Igiterwa. Iyuka ry’amazi ry’igiterwa ETc = ETo × Kc, hamwe na Kc ku cigwa co gukura kiva muri FAO-56 Imbonerahamwe 12. Hanze duhindura Kc dukurikije umuyaga n’ubushuhe bw’ikirere (Eq. 62). [1]
- Mu nzu y’ibirahure. Inzu y’ibirahure ireka nka 70% vy’umucyo w’izuba bikinjira, rero duharura dukoresheje 0,7 × ETo yo hanze. Kuri substrat hongerwako 20 gushika 30% vya drain. [6] [7]
- Imvura. Imvura yose ntiharurwa. Imvura iri munsi ya 0,2 × ETo iyuka mu vu uwo musi nyene (FAO-56, ikigabane ca 8). Ku kwezi kuringaniye dukoresha formule ya FAO/AGLW iva muri CROPWAT. [1] [12]
- Ivu. Amazi aboneka TAW n’amazi aboneka bitagoranye RAW biva muri FAO-56 Eq. 82/83 n’Imbonerahamwe 19. Ku kuvomera mu dutonyanga, igice catose gusa ni co giharurwa (Imbonerahamwe 20). Imizi ikura ikurikije icigwa. [1] [9]
- Umunyu n’ubushuhe. Igihombo c’umwimbu kubera umunyu dukurikije Maas na Hoffman, imisi y’ubushuhe dukurikije McMaster na Wilhelm. [3] [4]
Amasoko yose
- Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. & Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration: guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. FAO, Rome. fao.org/4/x0490e. Eq. 6, 62, 82/83 n’Imbonerahamwe 12, 19, 20, 22.
- Monteith, J.L. (1965). Evaporation and environment. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, 19, 205-234.
- Maas, E.V. & Hoffman, G.J. (1977). Crop salt tolerance: current assessment. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division (ASCE), 103(IR2), 115-134.
- McMaster, G.S. & Wilhelm, W.W. (1997). Growing degree-days: one equation, two interpretations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 87(4), 291-300. doi:10.1016/S0168-1923(97)00027-0
- Meier, U. (umutunganya) (2001). Growth stages of mono- and dicotyledonous plants. BBCH Monograph, isohorwa rya 2. doi:10.5073/20180906-074619
- Stanghellini, C. (1987). Transpiration of greenhouse crops: an aid to climate management. Igitabu c’impamyabushobozi y’ubuhinga (doctorat), Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen. doi:10.18174/202121
- Katsoulas, N. & Stanghellini, C. (2019). Modelling crop transpiration in greenhouses: different models for different applications. Agronomy, 9(7), 392. doi:10.3390/agronomy9070392
- Ayers, R.S. & Westcot, D.W. (1985). Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 29 Rev.1, Rome.
- Saxton, K.E. & Rawls, W.J. (2006). Soil water characteristic estimates by texture and organic matter for hydrologic solutions. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70(5), 1569-1578. doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0117
- Deutscher Wetterdienst, uburyo bwa ICON, biciye kuri Open-Meteo (open-meteo.com), kuri seriveri bwite ya FairGrow.
- Hersbach, H. et al. (2020). The ERA5 global reanalysis. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 146(730), 1999-2049. doi:10.1002/qj.3803
- Smith, M. (1992). CROPWAT: a computer program for irrigation planning and management. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 46, Rome. Imvura ikora dukurikije formule ya FAO/AGLW.
Ukuri ku mipaka
Amaroza, ibiterwa vy’urwiyerekano, ibimera vy’ikirungo n’ingemwe ntibiri muri FAO-56; ubwimbike bw’imizi yavyo n’ukwihanganira umunyu ni ibiharuro bifise ishingiro biva ku biterwa bisa navyo. Iteganyagihe ni iry’akarere k’ibilometero bikeyi, si iry’indimiro yawe, kandi toolbox ntizi ingene ivu ryawe ritose ubu. Rero koresha inyishu nk’intango. Sensor y’ubutose bw’ivu ipima ivyo biriko biraba vy’ukuri.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
Growers Toolbox ni iki?
Ni igikoresho c’ukuharura kikubwira amazi igiterwa cawe gikeneye muri iyi ndwi, incuro uvomera n’amazi ku ncuro imwe. Giharura gikoresheje iteganyagihe ry’aho uri na FAO-56, uburyo nyene bw’ikibanza ca FairGrow. Ntukeneye konte.
Toolbox imenya gute aho ndi?
Igihe cose utarihitiramwo, duharura aho uri dukoresheje umurongo wawe wa internet. Ivyo bitanga igisagara, si aderese, kandi nta kindi kintu tubika kubera ivyo. Nimba atari vyo, rondera aho uri canke ureke navigateri yawe itange aho uri nyezina. Tubikoresha ku giharuro gusa.
Kubera iki toolbox rimwe na rimwe ivuga ko ntakeneye kuvomera?
Hanze, imvura yitezwe irabarwa. Nimba muri iyi ndwi imvura iruta amazi igiterwa cawe gisohora mu kwuka, kuvomera bikenewe gusa nimba ivu ryawe ryamaze kwuma ubu. Toolbox ntishobora kubibona; sensor y’ubutose bw’ivu irashobora.
Kubera iki toolbox iharura ukundi mu nzu y’ibirahure?
Mu nzu y’ibirahure umucyo w’izuba winjira ni muke kandi ntihagwa imvura. Ni co gituma duharura dukoresheje nka 70% vy’iyuka ry’amazi ryo hanze. Nimba urima kuri substrat, uvomera incuro nyinshi ku musi amazi make hamwe na 20 gushika 30% vya drain, kandi toolbox irabiharura.
Inyishu ni iy’ukuri gushika he?
Ni intango ifise ishingiro, si igipimo. Iteganyagihe ni iry’akarere k’ibilometero bikeyi, kandi ubwimbike bw’imizi n’ivu bitandukana ku ndimiro yose. Ku rupapuro hariho ku ntambwe yose isoko dukoresha n’aho duharura ku rugero.
FairGrow yoshobora kubikora yonyene?
Ego. Muri Ivyikora, igiharuro nyene gikora buri musi hamwe na sensor yawe n’iteganyagihe. Ingingo ivomera gusa igihe amazi yo mu vu yaheze kandi nta mvura iriko iraza. YAML iri hejuru ni yo ntango yabwo.