Ruwa nawa amfanin gonarka ke buƙata a wannan makon?
An lissafa da hasashen yanayi na wurinka da kuma FAO-56, hanyar da dandalin FairGrow ma ke amfani da ita.
Idan ba ka zaɓa ba, muna ƙiyasta wurinka daga haɗin intanet ɗinka. Wannan gari ne, ba adireshi ba, kuma ba ma adana wani ƙarin abu saboda shi. “Ainihin wurin da nake” yana neman izini daga burauzarka kuma yana amfani da wurinka ne kawai don wannan lissafi.
Zaɓi wanda ya fi kusa. Daga baya za ka iya canza komai.
Daga amsa zuwa doka da ke ba da ruwa da kanta
Toolbox na lissafi na mako ɗaya. Dandalin yana sake lissafi kowace rana, tare da na’urar ji (sensor) ɗinka da hasashen, kuma yana ba da ruwa ne kawai idan ruwan ƙasa ya ƙare kuma babu ruwan sama mai zuwa.
Aikinka mai sarrafa kansa a YAML
Liƙa wannan a cikin Ayyuka masu sarrafa kansu a dandalin. Injin yana haɗa sunayen misali da na’urar ji da famfonka, kuma yana nuna abin da yake haɗawa kafin wani abu ya fara aiki. Tsarin na Home Assistant ne, don haka za ka iya kawo shi daga can.
Buƙatar ruwa ta bambanta a kowane matakin girma
Ƙaramin shuka yana shan ruwa kaɗan, shuka mai fure ya fi sha, kuma lokacin nuna buƙatar tana sake raguwa. Danna wani mataki.
Ƙasarka ce ke ƙayyade sau nawa, ba yawa ba
Yawan ruwan da amfanin gonarka ke amfani da shi ya dogara ne da yanayi da kuma amfanin gona. Ƙasarka ce ke ƙayyade nawa daga ciki za ta iya riƙewa, don haka sau nawa za ka ba da ruwa da kuma nawa kowane lokaci.
Yashi, ƙasa mai sauƙi
Tana riƙe ruwa kaɗan, kusan mm 50 zuwa 110 a kowace mita ta yankin saiwa, kuma takin zamani na wankewa cikin sauƙi.
Don haka: ruwa kaɗan, sau da yawa.
Loam, ƙasa gauraye
Tana riƙe ruwa sosai amma duk da haka tana barin ruwan da ya wuce gona da iri ya wuce. Tana yafe yawancin kurakuran ban ruwa.
Don haka: matsakaicin ruwa, a kai a kai.
Laka, ƙasa mai nauyi
Tana iya ajiye ruwa mai yawa, amma tana sha a hankali. Ruwa mai yawa a lokaci ɗaya yana haifar da kududdufai da ƙarancin iskar oxygen a saiwoyi.
Don haka: ruwa mai yawa, sau kaɗan, kuma a zuba a hankali.
Ba ka san irin ƙasar da kake da ita ba? Gwaje-gwaje biyu
Gwajin igiya
Jiƙa ɗan ƙasa a tafin hannu, cuɗa shi kuma ka tura shi sama tsakanin babban yatsa da ɗan manuniya har ya zama igiya.
- Yana farfashewa, yana jin kamar ƙwaya-ƙwaya: yashi.
- Gajeriyar igiya mai karyewa, ƙasa da cm 2.5: loam.
- Doguwar igiya mai lanƙwasa da maƙalewa, sama da cm 5: laka.
Gwajin tulu
Cika kashi ɗaya cikin uku na tulun gilashi da ƙasa, ƙara ruwa da ɗigon sabulun wanke-wanke, girgiza kuma ka bar shi awa 48. Yashi yana sauka ƙasa, sama da shi silt (laka mai laushi), a saman laka. Kaurin layukan yana nuna gwargwado.
Haka toolbox ke lissafi
Ana iya duba kowane mataki. Inda muke ƙiyasi, muna faɗa.
- Yanayin wurinka. Ƙafewar ruwa ta ma’auni ETo (FAO Penman-Monteith), ruwan sama da zafi na kwanaki bakwai masu zuwa, daga samfurin DWD ICON ta hanyar sabar yanayinmu ta kanmu. Idan ka zaɓi wata: matsakaicin 2025 a wurinka daga ERA5. [1] [10] [11]
- Amfanin gona. Ƙafewar ruwan amfanin gona ETc = ETo × Kc, tare da Kc na kowane matakin girma daga FAO-56 Tebur 12. A waje muna gyara Kc don iska da danshin iska (Eq. 62). [1]
- A cikin gidan gilashi. Gidan gilashi yana barin kusan 70% na hasken rana ya shiga, don haka muna lissafi da 0.7 × ETo na waje. A substrate ana ƙara 20 zuwa 30% na drain. [6] [7]
- Ruwan sama. Ba duk ruwan sama ake ƙirgawa ba. Ruwan sama ƙasa da 0.2 × ETo yana ƙafewa daga ƙasa a ranar (FAO-56, babi na 8). Don matsakaicin wata muna amfani da dabarar FAO/AGLW daga CROPWAT. [1] [12]
- Ƙasa. Ruwan da ake da shi TAW da ruwan da ake samu cikin sauƙi RAW daga FAO-56 Eq. 82/83 da Tebur 19. A ban ruwan ɗigo, ɓangaren da ya jiƙe ne kawai ake ƙirgawa (Tebur 20). Saiwoyi suna girma tare da mataki. [1] [9]
- Gishiri da zafi. Asarar amfanin gona saboda gishiri bisa ga Maas da Hoffman, kwanakin zafi bisa ga McMaster da Wilhelm. [3] [4]
Duk tushen bayanai
- Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. & Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration: guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. FAO, Rome. fao.org/4/x0490e. Eq. 6, 62, 82/83 da Tebur 12, 19, 20, 22.
- Monteith, J.L. (1965). Evaporation and environment. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, 19, 205-234.
- Maas, E.V. & Hoffman, G.J. (1977). Crop salt tolerance: current assessment. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division (ASCE), 103(IR2), 115-134.
- McMaster, G.S. & Wilhelm, W.W. (1997). Growing degree-days: one equation, two interpretations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 87(4), 291-300. doi:10.1016/S0168-1923(97)00027-0
- Meier, U. (edita) (2001). Growth stages of mono- and dicotyledonous plants. BBCH Monograph, bugu na 2. doi:10.5073/20180906-074619
- Stanghellini, C. (1987). Transpiration of greenhouse crops: an aid to climate management. Kundin digirin digir-gir, Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen. doi:10.18174/202121
- Katsoulas, N. & Stanghellini, C. (2019). Modelling crop transpiration in greenhouses: different models for different applications. Agronomy, 9(7), 392. doi:10.3390/agronomy9070392
- Ayers, R.S. & Westcot, D.W. (1985). Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 29 Rev.1, Rome.
- Saxton, K.E. & Rawls, W.J. (2006). Soil water characteristic estimates by texture and organic matter for hydrologic solutions. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70(5), 1569-1578. doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0117
- Deutscher Wetterdienst, samfurin ICON, ta hanyar Open-Meteo (open-meteo.com), a kan sabar FairGrow ta kanta.
- Hersbach, H. et al. (2020). The ERA5 global reanalysis. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 146(730), 1999-2049. doi:10.1002/qj.3803
- Smith, M. (1992). CROPWAT: a computer program for irrigation planning and management. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 46, Rome. Ruwan sama mai amfani bisa ga dabarar FAO/AGLW.
Gaskiya game da iyakoki
Wardi, tsirran ado, ganyayen ƙamshi da ƴan tsiro ba sa cikin FAO-56; zurfin saiwarsu da jurewarsu ga gishiri ƙiyasi ne mai tushe daga amfanin gona masu kama da su. Hasashen yanayi na yanki ne mai faɗin kilomita kaɗan, ba na gonarka ba, kuma toolbox bai san yadda ƙasarka ke da danshi yanzu ba. Don haka ka yi amfani da sakamakon a matsayin farawa. Na’urar auna danshin ƙasa tana auna abin da ke faruwa a zahiri.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Menene Growers Toolbox?
Kayan taimakon lissafi ne da ke gaya maka ruwa nawa amfanin gonarka ke buƙata a wannan makon, sau nawa za ka ba da ruwa da kuma nawa kowane lokaci. Yana lissafi da hasashen yanayi na wurinka da FAO-56, hanya ɗaya da dandalin FairGrow. Ba ka buƙatar asusu.
Ta yaya toolbox ke sanin inda nake?
Matuƙar ba ka zaɓa da kanka ba, muna ƙiyasta wurinka daga haɗin intanet ɗinka. Wannan yana ba da gari, ba adireshi ba, kuma ba ma adana wani ƙarin abu saboda shi. Idan bai yi daidai ba, nemi garinka ko ka bar burauzarka ta ba da ainihin wurinka. Muna amfani da shi ne kawai don lissafin.
Me yasa toolbox wani lokaci ke cewa ba sai na ba da ruwa ba?
A waje, ana ƙirga ruwan sama da ake tsammani. Idan ruwan sama a wannan makon ya fi abin da amfanin gonarka ke ƙafewa, ba da ruwa yana zama dole ne kawai idan ƙasarka ta riga ta bushe yanzu. Toolbox ba zai iya ganin hakan ba; na’urar auna danshin ƙasa tana iya.
Me yasa toolbox ke lissafi daban a cikin gidan gilashi?
A cikin gidan gilashi hasken rana kaɗan ke shiga kuma ba a yin ruwan sama. Don haka muna lissafi da kusan 70% na ƙafewar ruwa ta waje. Idan kana noma a substrate, kana ba da ruwa kaɗan sau da yawa a rana tare da 20 zuwa 30% na drain, kuma toolbox yana la’akari da hakan.
Yaya daidaiton sakamakon yake?
Farawa ne mai tushe, ba ma’auni ba. Hasashen na yanki ne mai faɗin kilomita kaɗan, kuma zurfin saiwa da ƙasa sun bambanta a kowace gona. Shafin yana nuna a kowane mataki tushen da muke amfani da shi da inda muke ƙiyasi.
FairGrow zai iya yin wannan da kansa?
Ee. A cikin Ayyuka masu sarrafa kansu, lissafi iri ɗaya yana gudana kowace rana tare da na’urar jinka da hasashen. Doka tana ba da ruwa ne kawai idan ruwan ƙasa ya ƙare kuma babu ruwan sama mai zuwa. YAML ɗin da ke sama shi ne farkonsa.