Ingemwe z’ibiti: ivyo urima, aho bisanzwe biri n’ivyo bikenera
Ububiko bw’amakuru y’ingemwe z’ibiti bukoranya ivyo abarera ingemwe z’ibiti n’abarimyi b’ivyamwa bashaka kumenya: ibiti amakomine atera, amoko y’ivyamwa n’ibiti vyo kwomekako vyanditswe, amasoko y’imbuto z’amashamba yemejwe, ivyo ubwoko bukenera ku kibanza buterwamwo n’ibikoko bibutera. Buri kintu gifise isoko ryaco.
Ibiti vy’amakomine bizwi umwaka byatewe, ku myaka cumi cumi. Imyaka ya 2020 iracabandanya.
Ahantu hamwe amakuru y’ibiti ahurira, agasubira mu ngingo ufata
Ibubamfu ni amasoko: amabarura y’ibiti y’amakomine, intonde z’amoko, amasoko y’imbuto yemejwe, ibipimo vy’ikibanza, ibikoko n’ivyanditswe vyo kw’isi yose. Hagati, FairGrow ibihuza ku bwoko bwose no kuri kultivari yose. Iburyo urabona aho bishikira.
Amasoko
- 🌳 Ibiti vy’amakomine
- 🍎 Amoko y’ivyamwa
- 🌲 Imbuto z’amashamba
- ☀️ Ikibanza na nectar
- 🐛 Ibikoko (EPPO)
- 🌍 Ivyanditswe kw’isi
Ico uwukoresha
- 🌱 Ico worima
- 🛡️ Imiti ku gikoko
- 🌼 Nectar y’ababangurira
- 📍 Guhitamwo isoko ry’imbuto
Ivyo amakomine atera ubu, n’ivyo yateye kera
Uhereye ku mabarura y’ibiti yuguruye y’amakomine arenga mirongo ibiri yo mu Buholandi n’intara imwe, urabona ku bwoko bwose na kultivari yose ibiti bingahe biri he n’imyaka cumi byatewemwo.
Ivyo vyerekana kultivari zigenda zirushiriza gukwira kuva mu 2016 n’izigenda zizimangana: ikimenyetso c’ivyo uzogurisha mu myaka itanu.
- Ku bwoko bwose igice catewe kuva mu 2016
- Tora komine imwe, canke uzigereranye zose
- Kultivari ukwazo, kugira ubone ihitamwo rifatwa
Inkuru yose y’ubwoko mu idirisha rimwe
Fyonda ku bwoko maze ivyo bwose bibwerekeye bifunguke mu idirisha rimwe, utataye aho wari ugeze mu rutonde.
Amafoto n’uwayafashe n’uruhusha
Gushika kuri atandatu ku bwoko, nta na rimwe ifoto imwe kabiri ikurikirana.
Aho buri
Amakomine afise ubwo bwoko, n’ibitigiri n’imyaka byatewe.
Kw’isi yose
Ibihugu bifise ivyanditswe vyuguruye, n’ibihugu ubwoko bukomokamwo.
Ibikoko n’indwara
Isano n’ibimera bicumbikira biva muri EPPO Global Database, ufyonze rimwe ugashika ku miti yemerewe kuri ico gikoko.
Ikibanza
Umuco, ubuhehere, ugusharira n’intungamubiri biva mu bipimo vya Ellenberg, hamwe n’ingene nectar ivamwo n’agaciro k’ibidukikije.
Amasoko y’imbuto
Ku moko y’amashamba, amasoko y’imbuto yemejwe muri buri gihugu.
Amafoto n’ibiranga
Igiti c’umushishi gisanzwe (Quercus robur): amafoto atandatu, n’ibipimo vy’ikibanza hamwe n’isoko rya buri gitigiri.
Aho buri n’igihe bwatewe
Kuri komine yose igitigiri c’ibiti, imyaka byatewe ku myaka cumi cumi na kultivari.
Ivyamwa: amoko, ibiti vyo kwomekako n’ukwihanganira indwara
Urutonde rw’amoko y’ivyamwa rwa EU, rwuzuzwa n’ibitabo vyo mu Busuwisi no muri Polonye, hamwe n’ibiti vyo kwomekako vy’urukurikirane rwa Malling.
Ku mipera (pomme), ukwihanganira scab n’indwara y’ifu (mildew) vyapimwe n’ububiko bw’ingirabuzima (gene bank) bwa Dresden-Pillnitz, kugira ubone ningoga ubwoko bufise Rvi6.
Ibikoresho vyo kwororoka kw’amashamba: amasoko y’imbuto yemejwe
Urutonde rwemewe rwa EU rw’ibikoresho shingiro vyemejwe, hamwe n’amasoko y’imbuto yo mu bihugu 28 ku karata. Igihugu cawe ni co kiza imbere.
Tugumana amazina y’ibitabo nk’uko igihugu kinywanyi abisohora, kugira ushobore gusubira kuronka isoko mu gitabo c’igihugu.
Urugendo rwihuta mu mabarabara
Uduce dutoduto twa porogarama, kamwe cose n’ico kakuronsa.
Kw’isi yose
Ibihugu ubwoko bwanditswemwo, biva mu vyanditswe vyuguruye vya GBIF, harimwo n’igiti catewe. Aho bukomoka biva muri BGCI GlobalTreeSearch.
Ibikoko n’umurongo ku miti
Isano yose n’ibimera bicumbikira iva muri EPPO, hamwe n’umurongo ujana ku miti yemerewe kurwanya ico gikoko mu gihugu cawe.
Amakuru gusa wemerewe vy’ukuri gukoresha
Dufungura isoko gusa iyo uruhusha rwaryo rubyemera: CC0, CC BY, ivy’abantu bose (public domain) canke uruhusha rwuguruye rwa leta. Iyo uruhusha rutumvikana canke rubuza gukoresha mu vy’ubudandaji, tubanza kubaza nyene ryo kandi tukareka iryo soko hanze gushika yishuye.
Vyubakiye ku makuru yuguruye
Ubwoko munani bw’amasoko, kimwe cose kivugwa cose mu porogarama.
Amabarura y’ibiti yuguruye y’amakomine
Amakomine arenga mirongo ibiri yo mu Buholandi n’intara ya Gelderland asohora ibiti vyayo n’ubwoko, kultivari kandi kenshi n’umwaka byatewe.
FOREMATIS
Urutonde rwa Komisiyo y’Uburaya rw’ibikoresho shingiro vyemejwe vyo kwororoka kw’amashamba (CC BY 4.0).
EU Plant Variety Portal
Urutonde rw’amoko y’ivyamwa rwa EU (CC BY 4.0), rwuzuzwa n’ibitabo vyo mu Busuwisi no muri Polonye.
Ibipimo vyerekana bwa Ellenberg
Umuco, ubuhehere, ugusharira, intungamubiri n’umunyu ku bimera vyo mu Buraya (Tichy et al. 2023, CC BY 4.0).
Nectar mu bibanza bitoshe vyo mu bisagara
Isukari ya nectar ku ishurwe ku musi (Tew et al. 2023, CC0).
Igitabo c’ibiti vy’ibidukikije
Amanota y’ibidukikije kuri buri giti y’Igisagara ca Leiden.
EPPO Global Database
Ibimera bicumbikira n’ibikoko, hamwe n’urwego rw’amategeko rwa EU.
GBIF, iNaturalist, Wikimedia Commons
Ivyanditswe vyo kw’isi yose n’amafoto, kimwe cose n’uwagifashe n’uruhusha.
Ntibirarangira, kandi vyashizweko ico kimenyetso
Ibice bibiri ntibiraboneka. Tuvuga neza ibibura.
Umwaka byatewe ku makomine makeyi
Raalte, Almelo na Velsen ntibarasohora ku mugaragaro umwaka ibiti vyatewe.
Ibiranga kultivari
Uburebure, ishusho y’amashami n’ukwihanganira imbeho ni bike mu makuru yuguruye. Porogarama isubira ku makuru y’ubwoko.
Ibibazo turonka
Kubera iki komine yanje itarimwo?
Dukoresha gusa amabarura y’ibiti komine ubwayo isohora ku mugaragaro, munsi y’uruhusha rwemera kuyakoresha mu gicuruzwa.
Mbega “Kw’isi yose” ni ikarata y’ikwiragira?
Igice kimwe. Ivyanditswe vyerekana ibihugu ubwoko bwanditswemwo, harimwo n’igiti catewe. Ibihugu ubwoko bukomokamwo biva muri BGCI GlobalTreeSearch kandi bifise ibara ryabyo ku karata.
Kubera iki ata makatalogi y’abarera ingemwe canke urutonde rw’amazina y’ibimera vy’ibiti?
Ntibiguruye. Tubishiramwo gusa nyene vyo amaze gutanga uruhusha.
Ikora mu ndimi izihe?
Mu ndimi 57. Amazina aboneka mu rurimi rwawe aho hose isoko riyafise; ahandi ubona izina rya siyansi.
Noshobora kwongerako canke gukosora ikintu?
Ego. Bimenyeshe uciye mw’idirisha rya Gufasha muri porogarama; turasuzuma buri kimenyetso.
Rondera amoko yawe
Ugurura ububiko bw’amakuru y’ingemwe z’ibiti muri konte yawe ya FairGrow, uhitemwo komine yawe canke igihugu cawe n’ubwoko, urabe aho busanzwe buri n’ivyo bukenera.